Research provides information on origin and selection

Roses are one of the most loved and widely cultivated ornamental plants in the world, captivating hearts and adorning gardens for centuries. Despite their popularity, the genetic origins and breeding history of modern roses remain mostly unknown. A new study has revealed fascinating insights into how the modern rose developed from its ancestors, providing valuable information for growing hardier, more stunning varieties.

For millennia, roses were grown separately in China and Europe, with each region producing unique variations. The 18th century marked a turning point when Chinese roses were introduced to Europe, paving the way for a breakthrough in rose breeding.

Traditionally, the Chinese rose “Old Blush” has been considered a major player in this transformation. However, a recent study highlights the important and hitherto underestimated role of another species: Rosa odorata. The fusion of these Eastern and Western roses gave rise to the modern roses we love today, known for their repeat blooms and diverse shapes.

The research project began by decoding the complex genetic makeup of ‘Samantha’, a modern rose variety known for its stunning red flowers and continuous flowering.

“‘Samantha’ is a tetraploid, which means she has four sets of chromosomes instead of the usual two, making her genetic structure more complex and harder to study,” said Zhangjun Fei, a professor at the Institute. Boyce Thompson and one of the main leaders of the study. authors. “By mapping its genome, we have created a powerful resource for future comparative and evolutionary genomic studies and to advance rose breeding efforts.”

The research team also sequenced the DNA of 233 other rose varieties, from wild types to modern cultivars. This allowed them to create a “genome variation map,” a reference for understanding how modern roses evolved from their ancestors.

Using this resource, breeders can develop roses that are not only more beautiful, but also more resilient and better adapted to different climates. Imagine roses that bloom longer, require less care and are more resistant to pests and diseases.

The study, recently published in Natural plantsfound that human breeding has significantly influenced the genetic diversity of modern roses. Over the years, traits such as continuous and recurring flowering, double flowers and disease resistance have been carefully cultivated.

However, researchers emphasize that preserving a wide range of genetic traits is essential to the health and adaptability of these stunning flowers. In an era of climate change and environmental challenges, genetic diversity is crucial to ensure that roses can continue to thrive in changing conditions.

This research opens new avenues for understanding and improving one of the world’s most beloved flowers. The story of the rose is a rich tapestry woven with threads of history, science and human passion. Thanks to this study, this tapestry is more alive and detailed than ever.