Representation of the Steane code. The logic representatives we use for our implementations of logic circuits are logic operators that run along the boundary. Credit: Science (2024). DOI: 10.1126/science.adp6016
A team of engineers and physicists from quantum computing company Quantinuum have achieved the first-ever teleportation of a logical qubit using fault-tolerant methods. In their article published in the journal Sciencethe group describes the installation and teleportation methods they used and the fidelity achieved by each.
One of the main sticking points in developing a truly usable quantum computer has been the tendency for quantum computers to produce errors when working on solutions. One approach to reducing errors is to introduce logical qubits, which can be operated across multiple physical qubits.
In this new effort, the research team worked with its H2 trapped ion quantum processor, which allows quantum-encoded data to be transmitted using entangled physical qubits.
The reason that logical qubits may be less error-prone than physical qubits is that they are not sensitive to noise and can be encoded using an error-correcting code. The challenge of using logical qubits is to teleport information using quantum entanglement. To achieve their result, the Quantinuum researchers tried two methods: transverse surgery and lattice surgery.
The cross-sectional approach involved adding operations on multiple qubits at the same time. This allowed the process to be manipulated, leading to faster teleportation. The surgical network approach involved manipulating the boundaries of qubits to perform operations; it is preferable when trying to make procedures more compatible between architectures.
The researchers found that either approach was viable for transporting logical qubits, but also had drawbacks. The surgical mesh approach has proven to be less faithful than the transverse approach, for example.
In both cases, the research team used real-time decoding (using the Steane code) as a means of applying error correction to four points of the teleportation process, thus achieving the first demonstration of teleportation of logical qubits using fault-tolerant methods.
The work of the Quantinuum team represents another important step towards the development of a true quantum computer.
More information:
C. Ryan-Anderson et al, High-fidelity teleportation of a logical qubit using cross-gates and lattice surgery, Science (2024). DOI: 10.1126/science.adp6016
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