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Israel and Hamas
Trump negotiated a ceasefire in October 2025 between Hamas and Israel. But the path to definitive peace is not that simple. Some 450 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza since the signing of the peace plan, and the question of Hamas’ disarmament remains unresolved. Now let’s see what the “Peace Council”, set up by the US president, will do. The latter has just announced that it would cost 1 billion US dollars to be part of it…
India and Pakistan
The long-running conflict between India and Pakistan resumed in April-May, leaving some 70 people dead in the Kashmir region. Donald Trump claims authorship of the ceasefire, signed on the basis of commercial pressure. But India has played down US involvement. “Talks regarding cessation of military hostilities were conducted directly between India and Pakistan within the framework of existing channels established between the two militaries,” Indian Foreign Minister Vikram Misri said.
Thailand and Cambodia
Donald Trump takes credit for the end of the cross-border conflict between Cambodia and Thailand in July (43 deaths, 300,000 civilians evacuated), an agreement obtained by the threat of customs duties. But for many, it was the upstream intervention of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) which helped prepare the ground. In addition, fighting resumed in December, before a new ceasefire. The situation remains very volatile.
Armenia and Azerbaijan
In September 2023, Azerbaijan seized Nagorno-Karabakh and expelled its large Armenian population, amid accusations of ethnic cleansing. A peace agreement was announced last August at the White House. Coincidence? A 49-year trade agreement, unveiled a few days ago, provides for Washington to own 74% of a new company called to build road, rail, energy and digital infrastructure that will affect both countries.
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Rwanda
The long-running conflict between Rwanda and the DRC has reignited after the M23 rebel group – associated with Rwanda – seized mineral-rich territory in eastern DRC. The two sides signed a ceasefire agreement in Washington in June, but have since accused each other of violating the agreement. In July, M23 killed at least 140 people in eastern DRC, according to Human Rights Watch. In short, this war is not over.
Israel and Iran
The United States struck a major blow in July by bombing three Iranian nuclear sites, effectively ending the 12-day war between the Islamic Republic and the Jewish state. That said, there is still no agreement on lasting peace or control of Iran’s nuclear program, or what remains of it.
Egypt and Ethiopia
First of all, it’s not a war, but rather tensions. They concern the great Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which has just been inaugurated, and which Egypt sees as a threat to its security and water supply. No conflict, and therefore no agreement to sign to resolve this border dispute. Good situation.
Serbia and Kosovo
In June, Trump bragged about preventing a conflict between Serbia and Kosovo. However, the two countries are not at war, even if their relationship is tense… The two countries certainly signed economic normalization agreements in 2020 in the presence of the American president, but they were not at war at the time either.
