Precursor cell of identified cancer; Webb spots more old galaxies

This week, archaeologists have identified representations of the Milky Way galaxy in ancient Egyptian imaging. A mathematician found a new way of solving higher polynomial equations, one of the oldest challenges of algebra. And the abrasion of the climbing shoe releases chemicals that could be a danger to health for interior climbers.

In addition, the researchers found a pioneer cell for one of the most common forms of lung cancer; The James Webb space telescope has detected groups of weakest and oldest galaxies to date; And the researchers question the hypotheses on Nad⁺ Effects on aging.

“Original cell” for identified pulmonary epidermoid carcinoma

Pulmonary epidermoid carcinoma is the second most common form of lung cancer, and decades after scientific confirmation that smoking causes cancer, it is still not entirely understood. Researchers from the University College London now report that this cancer is developing from a specific precursor cell. They found that a population of basal cells in the trachea ends up going beyond other types of cells, pushing them outside, becomes dominant, and invades and fills whole lobes of the lung.

This subset of cells in the trachea expresses a gene called KRT5. To determine the origins of this cancer, the researchers marked the basal cells expressing the KRT5 in the air mouse groups – a group was exposed to a carcinogen to observe the effects on trachea cells. In the carcinogenic group, some of the basal cells multiply more quickly than the other types of cells expressing KRT5 and became dominant before spreading in the lungs.

Dr. Sandra Gómez-López, the first author of the study, said: “There is a natural balance between the different cell populations and the types, but when these cellular populations are exposed to carcinogens like those found in tobacco smoke, this balance is disturbed. Our experiences have shown that cell populations coming from large damaged areas in the terraces of the trachea. Taking large damaged areas. “

Watch these old groups of galaxies

Astronomers have published images of the largest sample of groups of galaxies ever detected, using data from the James Webb space telescope. In particular, they extend over a period of 1 billion years ago to around 12 billion years ago, when the universe was even younger than the earth today. It is difficult for me to imagine that things happened mainly everywhere before you exist personally, but you cannot contest the data of a telescope which can detect the galaxies so weak that they are 1 billion times that humans cannot see it.

These images of the first groups of galaxies are essential to understand the development and interactions of galaxy groups in the recent universe. Compared to the neighboring galaxies that we observe today, these first galaxies were stars irregularly and forming quickly.

Over time, galaxies have developed more symmetrical structures and the formation of stars has been extinguished. These differences could provide key indicators of the structure and development of black matter regions, supermassive black holes and thermal history of hot gas in spaces between galaxies.

The Netflix Guy supplement regime has refuted

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, known as Nad to his friends and this Documentary Guy from Netflix to the face of wax who wants to live forever, is a coenzyme involved in cell metabolism. Among other things, NAD helps mitochondria to produce ATP, which cells use for energy. NAD levels decrease with age, and some biologists have correlated this drop with the effects of aging.

Nadotinamide Riboside supplements, an NAD precursor, have become popular. But Nad and its effects are still poorly understood, and a study by researchers from the University of Copenhagen now notes that the reduction in skeletal nad⁺ 85% mouse levels have not accelerated aging or affected metabolism of the whole body.

In order to avoid the effects of NAD levels on muscle tissue as it develops, mice have been genetically high with NAD levels that could be modulated once they have become adults. With considerably decreased NAD levels, they maintained the size of the muscles and have shown no negative effect on exercise or strength. The researchers observed an increase in energy stress during the exercise, but the markers of whole body health and muscles had no difference with ordinary mice.

The Sabina Chubanava researcher says: “Contrary to what could have been expected, the function of healthy skeletal muscles does not also depend on the high levels of NAD as before. Above all, our results indicate that the reduction in muscle nad levels far beyond the modest drops observed with normal aging does not cause muscle weakness or does not make muscle age more quickly.”

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